Glossary

     Age uke– Rising block

     Age-uke gyaku ashi– Upper block

     Age-zuki– Rising punch

     Aikido– Way of Harmony, the harmonic ki

     Aiuchi– Simultaneous points by both opponents

     Ashibo-kake-uke– Leg hooking block

     Ashikubi-kake-uke– Ankle hooking block

     Ate-waza– Smashing techniques

     Awase-zuki– U-punch

     Bogyo– Defense, protection

     Budo– The martial arts (collective name)

     Bunkai– Analysis, breakdown; training of the application of different sequences of the kata with partners.

     Bushi– Warrior

     Bushido– Way of the Warrior, code of the Samurai

     Cha-obi– Brown belt

     Choku-zuki– Straight punch

     Chudan– Middle level (chest area)

     Chushin– Center

     Dan– Step, rank

     Dan-zuki– Consecutive punching

     Deai– Direct counter against an attack

     Deai-osae-uke– Pressing block stepping in

     Deshi– Student

     Do– The way, the path, or the approach

     Dohai– One’s equal

     Dojo– Training gym

     Dozo– Please

     Empi– Elbow

     Empi-uchi– Elbow strike

     Enbusen– The line of martial art exercise, performance line of the kata

     En-sho- Round heel

     Fudo-dachi– Rooted stance, another name for sochin

     Fumikiri– Cutting kick

     Fumikomi– Stamping kick

     Gai-wan– Outer arm

     Gaman– Patience, endurance

     Gedan– Lower level (below the belt)

     Gedan-barai– Downward sweeping block 

     Gi- Jacket

     Go no sen– Seizing the initiative later

     Go– Five

     Gohon kumite– Five-step sparring

     Goshin– Self-defense

     Gyaku-ashi– Reverse foot

     Gyaku kaiten– Reverse rotation

     Gyaku-zuki– Reverse punch

     Hachi– Eight

     Hachiji-dachi– Open-leg stance

     Hai– Yes, okay

     Haishu– Back-hand

     Haishu-uchi– Back-hand strike

     Haishu-uke– Back-hand block

     Haisoku– Instep

     Haito– Ridge-hand

     Haito-uchi– Ridge-hand strike

     Hai-wan– Back-arm

     Haiwan-nagashi-uke– Back-arm sweeping block

     Hajime– The beginning or start; command to commence the movement

     Hangetsu-dachi– Half-moon stance

     Hangetsu-kata– Half-moon formal exercise

     Hanmi– Half-front-facing position

     Happo kumite– Sparring in eight directions, against several opponents

     Hara– Abdomen

     Hasami zuki– Scissors punch

     Heiko-dachi– Parallel stance

     Heiko-zuki– Parallel punch

     Heisoku-dachi– Informal attention stance

     Hidari– Left

     Hidari-shizen-tai– Left natural position

     Hidari-teiji-dachi– Left t-stance

     Hiji– Elbow

     Hiji-ate– Elbow strike

     Hiji-suri-uke– Elbow sliding block

     Hiji-uchi– Elbow strike

     Hiki te– Pulling hand

     Hikiwake– Draw

     Hiku ashi– Pulling leg

     Hiraken– Fore-knuckle fist

     Hiraken-zuki- Fore-knuckle-fist straight punch

     Hiza– Knee

     Hizagashira– Knee cap

     Hombu– Headquarters

     Hyoshi– Rhythm     

     Iaido– Way of Drawing the Sword (Iai nuki do)

     Ichi– One

     Ineko-ashi-dachi- Cat stance

     Ippon-ken– One-knuckle fist

     Ippon-ken zuki– One-knuckle-fist straight punch

     Ippon kumite– One-step sparring

     Ippon– Point

     Iro-obi– Color belt

     Jiku ashi– Pivot leg, supporting leg

     Jisei– Self-control

     Jissen– Real fight

     Jiyu ippon kumite– Semi-free sparring

     Jiyu kumite– Free-style sparring

     Jodan– Upper level (face area)

     Jodan-age-uke– Upward rising block 

     Jo-sokutei- Raised sole

     Ju– Ten

     Judo– Soft, Gentle Way

     Juji-uke– X-block

     Jun kaiten– Regular rotation

     Kado– Way of Flowers

     Kaeshi-ippon kumite– Returning one step sparring; the defender counter attacks with a whole step and forces the original attacker into the defending position.

     Kaette– Turn, assume opposite direction

     Kagi-zuki– Hook punch

     Kaimoku– Open your eyes

     Kaisho- Open hand

     Kaiten– Rotation

     Kakato– Heel

     Kake-shuto-uke– Hooking knife-hand block

     Kake-uke– Hooking block

     Kakiwake-uke– Reverse wedge block

     Kakuto– Bent-wrist

     Kakuto-uke– Bent-wrist block

     Kamae– Stance

     Kamaete– Command to move into ready position for action, either for defense or attack, assume the stance or position named.

     Kanku- “Viewing the sky” kata form

     Karate– Empty-hand fighting

     Karate-Do– Way of the empty hand

     Karate gi– Karate uniform; white uniforms are generally worn to symbolize “purity and cleanliness” of the mind and body.

     Karateka– Person that practices the art of Karate-Do

     Kata– Form; formal exercises of karate

     Keage- Snap kick

     Kebanashi– Kick off, snap kick     

     Keito- Chicken-head wrist

     Keito-uke– Chicken-head-wrist block

     Kekomi– Thrust kick

     Kendo– Way of the Sword

     Kentsui– Fist-hammer

     Kentsui-uchi– Fist-hammer strike

     Keri– Kick

     Keri-waza– Kicking techniques

     Kesa-geri– Diagonal kick

     Kiai– Command to let out a sound at the movement of Kime to aid in the tensioning of body muscles and focusing the mind for a more effective technique.

     Kiba-dachi– Straddle-leg stance

     Kihaku– Spirit, soul

     Kihon kumite– Basic sparring training; attack/defense techniques, and target areas are predetermined.

     Kihon– Basic training

     Kime– Refers to psycho-physiological focusing of technique to achieve maximum effectiveness; decision, finish, focus.

     Kime waza– Decisive technique; technique that would lead one to win

     Kiritsu– Stand up, rise

     Kisei– Rising energy

     Kiso– Fundamental

     Kizami-zuki– Jab

     Kobudo– Nomenclature for martial arts using weapons

     Kogeki– Attack

     Kohai– A junior in a school or organization

     Kokutsu-Dachi– Back stance

     Kokyu– Breathing, respiration

     Ko-shi- Ball of the foot

     Ku– Nine

     Kumade– Bear hand

     Kumite- Sparring

     Kumite no keiko– Practice in sparring; to engage ones hands (skills) with an opponent.

     Kuro-obi– Black belt

     Kyogi kumite– Sportive sparring

     Kyu– Rank, class, grade

     Kyudo– Way of the Bow

     Ma– Space, room

     Ma-ai– Distancing

     Mae– Front, forward

     Mae-ashi-geri– Front leg kick

     Mae-empi-uchi– Forward elbow strike

     Mae-geri– Front kick

     Mae-geri-keage– Front snap kick

     Mae-geri-kekomi– Front thrust kick

     Mae-hiji-ate- Forward elbow strike     

     Mae-tobi-geri– Jumping front kick

     Maeude-deai-osae- Forearm pressing block

     Maeude-hineri-uke– Forearm twist block

     Makiwara– Karate punching board

     Mawashi-geri– Roundhouse kick

     Mawatte– Turn

     Me no tsukekata– Focusing of the eyes

     Midori-obi– Green belt

     Migi– Right

     Mikazuki-geri– Crescent kick

     Mo ichido– One more time

     Modotte– Command for returning  to the starting position

     Mokuso– Meditation, quiet contemplation

     Morote-sukui-uke– Two-handed scooping block

     Morote-tsukami-uke– Two-handed grasping block

     Morote-uke– Augmented forearm block

     Morote-zuki– Double-fist punch

     Musubi-dachi– Informal attention stance, feet turned out

     Nagashi-uke- Sweeping block

     Nagashi-zuki– Flowing punch

     Nagewaza– Throwing techniques

     Nai-wan– Inner arm

     Nakadaka-ippon-ken– Middle-finger one-knuckle fist

     Nakadaka-ken– Middle-finger knuckle fist

     Naore– Recover to natural stance

     Naotte– A command to relax from alert ready position

     Neko-ashi-dachi- Cat stance

     Ni– Two

     Nidan-geri– Double jump kick

     Nihon-nukite– Two-finger spear-hand

     Nintai– Patience, perseverance

     Nukite– Spear-hand

     Obi– A sash or belt to tie the Karate gi

     Oi-zuki– Stepping punch

     Okinawa-te– Hand of Okinawa

     Okuri-ippon kumite– Sparring with two attacks in a row; the first one is announced but the second attack is chosen based on

      the opponent an the distance.

     Onegaishimasu– If you would be so kind

     Osae-uke- Pressing block

     Osu– Yes, exclamation of spirit

     Otagai ni rei– Salutation to each other

     Otoshi-empi-uchi– Downward elbow strike

     Otoshi-uke– Dropping block

     Otoshi-hiji-ate– Downward elbow strike

     Oyo kumite– Application sparring

     Rei– Command used for “bow”; to express mutual respect     

     Reinoji-dachi- L-stance

     Renzoku-geri– Combination kick

     Renzoku-zuki– Continuous punching attacks

     Renzuki- Alternate punching

     Roko– Six

     Sabaki– Handle, deal with; step aside

     Sado– Way of Tea, tea ceremony

     Saho– Etiquette

     Samurai– Literally: to serve; military class in feudal Japan

     San– Three

     Sanbon kumite– Three-step sparring

     Sanchin-dachi– Hour-glass stance

     Sanren-zuki– Three consecutive punches

     Seika tanden– Center of the abdomen

     Seiken– Fore-fist

     Seiken-choku-zuki- Fore-fist straight punch

     Seiretsu– Line up

     Seiryuto- Ox-jaw hand

     Seiryuto-uke– Ox-jaw block

     Sempai– Refers to a senior student

     Sempai ni rei– Bow to a senior student

     Sen no sen– Seizing the initiative earlier

     Sensei – Instructor

     Sensei ni rei– Bow to the chief instructor

     Sentei kata– Selected kata

     Shi– Four

     Shiai kumite– Sparring performed in the sense of Budo, as in jiyu ippon and jiyu kumite.

     Shiai– Tournament, match

     Shichi– Seven

     Shihan– Master

     Shiho-wari– Breaking boards on four sides to test power

     Shiko-dachi– Square stance

     Shimpan– Referee

     Shinza ni rei–  Salutation to the altar of the gods to honor the  ancestors of the art.

     Shiro-obi– White belt, refers to a beginner

     Shitei kata– Designated kata

     Shittsui– Knee-hammer

     Shizen-tai– Natural stance

     Shodo– Way of Writing, calligraphy

     Shomen– Usually the front wall of the Dojo

     Shomen ni rei– Bow to the front

     Shubo- Arm stick

     Shuto– Knife-hand

     Shuto-uchi– Knife-hand strike

     Shuto-uke– Knife-hand block     

     Shu-wan– Palm arm

     Sochin-dachi– Diagonal straddle-leg stance

     Sokumen-awase-uke– Side two-hand block

     Sokutei-mawashi-uke– Circular sole block

     Sokutei-osae-uke– Pressing block with sole

     Sokuto- Foot edge

     Sokuto-keage– Snap kick with foot edge

     Sokuto-osae-uke– Pressing block with foot edge

     Sore-made– End of match

     Soto-uke– Block from outside inward with bottom of wrist

     Suki- Opening

     Sukui-uke– Scooping block

     Sun dome– To stop a technique about 3cm in front of the target

     Sun– Unit of a measurement 3.03cm

     Sutemi waza– Literally: “The-body-throw-away-technique”, technique by falling.

     Tachikata– Standing forms

     Tai sabaki– Stepping aside with the whole body (and counter)

     Tameshi-wari– Test of technique’s power

     Tanden– Navel

     Tanren kumite– Drill sparring, as in gohon and sanbon kumite

     Tate-empi-uchi- Upward elbow strike

     Tate-hiji-ate– Upward elbow strike

     Tate-shuto-uke– Vertical knife-hand block

     Tate-zuki– Vertical fist punch

     Te– Hand

     Teiji-dachi– T-stance

     Teisho– Palm-heel

     Teisho-awase-uke– Combined palm-heel block

     Teisho-uchi– Palm-heel strike

     Teisho uke– Palm-heel block

     Teisho-zuki– Palm-heel punch

     Tekubi-kake-uke– Wrist-hook block

     Te-nagashi-uke– Hand sweeping block

     Tenkan– Turn, turning

     Te-osae-uke– Hand pressing block

     Tettsui uchi– Bottom-fist strike

     Tettsui uke– Hammer block

     Tobi-keri– Jump kick

     Tobi-yoko-geri– Jumping side kick

     Tode/ Karate– China-hand

     Tokui kata– Favorite kata

     Torite– Escape methods

     Tsukami-uke– Grasping block

     Tsuki– Punching

     Tsuki te– Punching hand

     Tsuki-waza– Punching techniques     

     Tsumasaki– Tips of toes

     Uchi komi– Drive, pound in; a form of training where one partner is the unmoving target and the other partner may attack with any technique.

     Uchi– Striking

     Uchi-hachiji-dachi– Inverted open-leg stance

     Uchi-uke– Block from inside outward

     Uchi-waza- Striking techniques

     Ude– Forearm

     Ude-uke– Forearm block

     Uke– Block

     Ukemi– Rolls

     Uraken– Back-fist

     Ura-zuki– Close punch

     Uraken-uchi– Back-fist strike 

     Ushiro– Back, rear

     Ushiro-ashi-geri– Rear-leg kick

     Ushiro-empi-uchi– Back elbow strike

     Ushiro-geri– Back kick

     Ushiro-hiji-ate– Back elbow strike

     Wan– Arm

     Wanto– Arm sword

     Washide– Eagle-hand

     Waza – Techniques

     Waza ari awasete ippon– Two half-points

     Waza ari– Half-point

     Yakusoku kumite– Appointment sparring

     Yama-zuki– Wide U-punch

     Yame– Command to stop

     Yasume– At ease

     Yoi– Prepare, attention, get ready

     Yoko– Side

     Yoko-empi-uchi– Side elbow strike

     Yoko-geri– Side kick

     Yoko-geri-keage– Side snap kick

     Yoko-geri-kekomi– Side thrust kick

     Yoko-hiji-ate– Side elbow strike

     Yoko-kekomi– Side thrust kick

     Yoko-mawashi-empi-uchi– Side-round elbow strike

     Yoko-mawashi-hiji-ate– Side-round elbow strike

     Yoko-tobi-geri– Jumping side kick

     Yomi– Perceptiveness

     Yuki– Courage

     Zanshin– Remaining spirit, continuing alertness

     Zengo undo– Forward and backward 

     Zenkutsu-dachi– Forward stance